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UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 


THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE BABYLONIAN SECTION 


WV OLsa ls No. 3 
a 


THE EPIC OF GILGAMISH 


BY 


STEPHEN LANGDON 


PHILADELPHIA 
PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM 
1917 


Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2022 with funding trom 
Princeton Theological Seminary Library 


httos://archive.org/details/epicofgilgamishOOunse 


INTRODUCTION 


In the year 1914 the University Museum secured by pur- 
chase a large six column tablet nearly complete, carrying 
originally, according to the scribal note, 240 lines of text. The 
contents supply the South Babylonian version of the second 
book of the epic ¥a nagba imuru, “He who has seen all things,” 
commonly referred to as the Epic of Gilgamish. The tablet is 
said to have been found at Senkere, ancient Larsa near Warka, 
modern Arabic name for and vulgar descendant of the ancient 
name Uruk, the Biblical Erech mentioned in Genesis x. 10. This 
fact makes the new text the more interesting since the legend 
of Gilgamish is said to have originated at Erech and the hero 
in fact figures as one of the prehistoric Sumerian rulers of that 
ancient city. The dynastic list preserved on a Nippur tablet! 
mentions him as the fifth king of a legendary line of rulers at 
Erech, who succeeded the dynasty of Kish, a city in North 
Babylonia near the more famous but more recent city Babylon. 
The list at Erech contains the names of two well known 
Sumerian deities, Lugalbanda? and Tammuz. The reign of the 
former is given at 1,200 years and that of Tammuz at 100 
years. Gilgamish ruled 126 years. We have to do here with 
a confusion of myth and history in which the real facts are 
disengaged only by conjecture. 


The prehistoric Sumerian dynasties were all transformed 
ae 
1 Ni. 13981, published by Dr. PoEBEL in PBS: V,: No. 2. . 
2 The local Bél of Erech and a bye-form of Enlil, the earth god. Here he is the consort of 
the mother goddess Ninsun. 
(207) 


208 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 


into the realm of myth and legend. Nevertheless these rulers, 
although appearing in the pretentious nomenclature as gods, 
appear to have been real historic personages.’ The name Gil- 
gamish was originally written 4G1-bil-aga-mis, and means “The 
fire god (Gibil) is a commander,” abbreviated to *Gz-bil-ga-m15, 
and 4Gi(§)-bil-ga-mis, a form which by full labialization of b 
to u was finally contracted to %G7-zl-ga-m15.2. Throughout the 
at text the name is written with the abbreviation %Gz(¥),? 
whereas the standard Assyrian text has consistently the writ- 
ing “GIS-TU*-BAR. The latter method of writing the name 
is apparently cryptographic for *GzS-bar-aga-(m15); the fire god 
Gibil has also the title Gz5-bar. 

A fragment of the South Babylonian version of the tenth 
book was published in 1902, a text from the period of Ham- 
murapi, which showed that the Babylonian epic differed very 
much from the Assyrian in diction, but not in content. The new 
tablet, which belongs to the same period, also differs radically 
from the diction of the Ninevite text in the few lines where 
they duplicate each other. The first line of the new tablet 
corresponds to Tablet I, Col. V 25 of the Assyrian text,® where 
Gilgamish begins to relate his dreams to his mother Ninsun. 


1 Tammuz is probably a real personage, although Dumu-zi, his original name, is certainly 
later than the title 4b-%, probably the oldest epithet of this deity, see Tammuz and Ishtar, p. 8. 
Dumu-zi | take to have been originally the name of a prehistoric ruler of Erech, identified with 
the primitive deity Abu. | 

* See ibid., page 40. 

* Also MetssNer’s early Babylonian duplicate of Book X has invariably the same writing, 
see DHoRME, Choix de Textes Religteux, 298-303. 

* Sign whose gunufied form is read aga. 

* The standard text of the Assyrian version is by Professor Paut Haupt, Das Babylon- 
tsche Nimrodepos, Leipzig, 1884. 

° The name of the mother of Gilgamish has been erroneously read ri-mat *#@4Nin-lil, or Rimat- 
Bélit, see DHORME 202, 37; 204, 30,etc. But Dr. PoEBEL, who also copied this text, has shown 
that Nzn-lil is an erroneous reading for Nin-sun. For Ninsun as mother of Gilgamish see SBP. 


153 n. 19 and R.A., IX 113 II] 2. Ri-mat *@!Nin-sun should be rendered ‘‘The wild cow 
Ninsun.” 


STEPHEN LANGDON—THE EPIC OF GILGAMISH 209 


The last line of Col. I corresponds to the Assyrian version 
Book I, Col. VI 29. From this point onward the new tablet 
takes up a hitherto unknown portion of the epic, henceforth 
to be assigned to the second book.! 

At the end of Book | in the Assyrian text and at the end 
of Col. I of Book II in the new text, the situation in the legend 
is as follows. The harlot halts outside the city of Erech with 
the enamoured Enkidu, while she relates to him the two dreams 
of the king, Gilgamish. In these dreams which he has told to 
his mother he receives premonition concerning the advent of 
the satyr Enkidu, destined to join with him in the conquest 
of Elam. 

Now the harlot urges Enkidu to enter the beautiful city, 
to clothe himself like other men and to learn the ways of 
civilization. When he enters he sees someone, whose name 1s 
broken away, eating bread and drinking milk, but the beauti- 
ful barbarian understands not. The harlot commands him to 
eat and drink also: 


“Tt is the conformity of life, 
Of the conditions and fate of the Land.” 


He rapidly learns the customs of men, becomes a shepherd and 
a mighty hunter. At last he comes to the notice of Gilgamish 
himself, who is shocked by the newly acquired manner of 
Enkidu. 

“Oh harlot, take away the man,” says the lord of Erech. 
Once again the faithful woman instructs her heroic lover in the 
conventions of society, this time teaching him the importance 
of the family in Babylonian life, and obedience to the ruler. 
Now the people of Erech assemble about him admiring his 


1 The fragments which have been assigned to Book Il in the British Museum collections by 
Haupt, JENSEN, DHorRMeE and others belong to later tablets, probably III or IV. 


210 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 


godlike appearance. Gilgamish receives him and they dedicate 


their arms to heroic endeavor. At this point the epic brings 
in a new and powerful motif, the renunciation of woman’s love 
in the presence of a great undertaking. Gilgamish is enamoured 
of the beautiful virgin goddess IShara, and Enkidu, fearing the 
effeminate effects of his friend’s attachment, prevents him 
forcibly from entering a house. A terrific combat between 
these heroes ensues,! in which Enkidu conquers, and in a 
magnanimous speech he reminds Gilgamish of his higher destiny. 

In another unplaced fragment of the Assyrian text? Enkidu 
rejects his mistress also, apparently on his own initiative and 
for ascetic reasons. This fragment, heretofore assigned to the 
second book, probably belongs to Book III. The tablet of the 
Assyrian version which carries the portion related on the new 
tablet has not been found. Man redeemed from barbarism 1s 
the major theme of Book II. 

The newly recovered section of the epic contains two 
legends which supplied the glyptic artists of Sumer and Accad 
with subjects for seals. Obverse II] 28-32 describes Enkidu 
the slayer of lions and panthers. Seals in all periods frequently 
represent Enkidu in combat with a lion. The struggle between 
the two heroes, where Enkidu strives to rescue his friend from 
the fatal charms of IShara, is probably depicted on seals also. 
On one of the seals published by Warp, Seal Cylinders of West- 
ern Asia, No. 459, a nude female stands beside the struggling 
heroes. This scene not improbably illustrates the effort of 
Enkidu to rescue his friend from the goddess. In fact the 
satyr stands between Gilgamish and |Shara(?) on the seal. 


‘Rm. 289, latter part of Col. II (part of the Assyrian version) published in Haupt, zbid., 
31~4 preserves a defective text of this part of the epic. This tablet has been erroneously assigned 
to Book IV, but it appears to be Book III. 

2 K. 2589 and duplicate (unnumbered) in Haupt, ibid., 16-10. 

*See also Warp, No. 199. 


TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: 


. it-bi-e-ma ““Gilgamis Su-na-tam 


1-pa-as-Sar. 


2. 17-7a-kar-am!' a-na um-mi-su 


the 


. um-mi 1-na Sa-a-at mu-51-t1-1a 
. Sa-am-ha-ku-ma at-ta-na-al-la-ak 


. 1-na bi1-ri-1t 1d-da-tim 
. 1b-ba-Su-nim-ma_ ka-ka-’a?_ Sa- 


Ma-t 


. ki-2-?-rum? Sa a-nim im-ku-ut 


a-na $1-ri-1a 
as-S1-Su-ma tk-ta-b1-it* e-li-ia 


. tlam® 18-S$u-ma nu-us-Sa-su® u-ul 
el-ti-’1 
. ad-ki ma-tum pa-h1-ir' e-li-Su 


. 1d-lu-tum u-na-Sa-ku Si-pi-su 


. U-um-mi-id-ma pu-ti 

. i-mi- du 1a-lt 

. as-S1- a-Su-ma at-ba-la-ds-Su a-na 
si-r1-k1 . 


. um-mi Gilgamis mu-u-da-a-at 


ka-la-ma 


. 17-7a-kar-am a-na ““Gilgamis 


1 Here this late text includes both variants pasaru and zakaru. 


one or the other. 


. Gilgamish — arose 


interpreting 
dreams, 


2. addressing his mother. 


As 


16. 


. “My mother! during my night 


I, having become lusty, wan- 
dered about 


. in the midst of omens. 


And there-came out stars in the 
heavens, 

Likea...of heaven he fell upon 
me. : 

I bore him but he was too 
heavy for me. 

He bore a net but I was not 
able to bear it. 

I summoned the land to assem- 
ble unto him, 


. that heroes might kiss his feet. 
. He stood up before me® 

. and they stood over against me. 
. I lifted him and carried him 


away unto thee.” 

The mother of Gilgamish she 
that knows all things, 

said unto Gilgamish:— 


The earlier texts have only 


2 For kakabé; b becomes u and then is reduced to the breathing. 


3 The variants have kima kisri; ki-[ma]?-rum is a possible reading. 


texts regard Enkidu as the subject. 


weapon.” 


4 Var. da-an 
5 SAM-KAK =ilu, net. 


6 Var. nussu for nus-Su=nuSSa-Su. 


The standard Assyrian 


The variant has wltaprid k1-is-su-Su, “he shook his murderous 


For kissu see ZA. 9,220,4=CT. 12,14b 36, g3-kud =ki-1s-su. 
The previous translations of this passage are erroneous. 


7 This is to my knowledge the first occurrence of the infinitive of this verb, pabéru, not 
pabaru. 


8 Literally “he attained my front.” 


30. 
aay 


a2 
33. 
34. 
35. 
30. 
37: 


. t-ra-ab-bi-su 


UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 


_mi-in-di *“Gilgamish 3a ki-ma 


ka-t1 

1-wa-li-id-ma 
Sa-du-u 
ta-mar-‘u-ma [sa(?)|-ap-ba-ta at- 
ta 


i-na $1-r1 


_ id-lu-tum ti-na-Sa-ku S1-p1-Su? 
Vte-it-t-Ta-sU(S) es es Su-u-7U 
_ ta-tar-ra-[’a]-Su a-na si-[ri-1]a 

. [i8-(?)] ti-lam-ma® 1-ta-mar Sa- 


ni-tam 

. [Su-na-|ta 1-ta-wa-a-am a-na um- 
mi1-SU 

. [um-m]1 a-ta-mar Sa-ni-tam 
. [§u-na-ta a-ta]mar e-mi-a_— 1-na 
zu-ki-1m 


. [i-na?] Unuk-(k1) ri-bi-tim* 


ha-as-si-nu na-di-1-ma 
e-l1-5u pa-ab- ru 
ha-as-si-nu-um-ma Sa-ni bu-nu- 

Su 


a-mur-su-ma ab-ta-ta a-na-ku 

a-ra-am-su-ma ki-ma 4$-Sa-tim 

a-ha-ap-pu-up el-Su 

el-ki-Su-ma as-ta-ka-an-Su 

a-na a-hi-1a 

um-mi ““Gilgamish mu-da-at ka- 
la-ma 


[38. iz-za-kar-am a-na "“Gilgamisb] 


6. © 4. we 86 ew le 6) hl ce 6” © ete (eo uwere Pwole bv sy Bee ene @ 


11V! of waladu. 
2 Text mar 
3 1Stanamma > 13tilamma. 


ee 


18. 


10. 
20. 


Zhe 
P2R 
23° 
24. 


25. 


20. 


27. 


28. 
20. 
30. 
31; 


“Truly oh Gilgamish he is 


born! in the fields like thee. 

The mountains have reared him. 

Thou beholdest him and art 
distracted (?) 

Heroes kiss his feet. 

Thousshaltuspare: insane 

Thou shalt lead him to me.” 

Again he dreamed and saw 
another dream 

and reported it unto his mother. 

AVL ye m0 ther Let pavemmscen 
another 

(dream. | beheld] my likeness in 
the street. 

In Erech of the wide spaces? 

he hurled the axe, 

and they assembled about him. 

Another axe seemed his visage. 


. | saw him and was astounded. 
. | loved him as a woman, 

. falling upon him in embrace. 

. I took him and made him 

. my brother.” 

. The mother of Gilgamish she 


that knows all things 


. said unto Gilgamish:—] 


ce 


Grabs 6. 0 6 08 1a le. Boye ela 6) ase Om rma iseree Seu keene 


4 Cf. Code of Hammurapi IV 52 and Streck in Babylontaca I| 177. 


5]. e., in the suburb of Erech. 


20. 
ade 


. “En-ki-[da 


- aA-na 


STEPHEN 


LANGDON—THE EPIC OF GILGAMISH 


Coreen! 


. as-Sum us-[ta-] ma-ha-ru it-ti-ka. 


. ““Gilgamish Su-na-tam i-pa-Sar 


wlar-si-1b ma-har 
ha-ri-im-tim 


mu et ]-ba-mu DI-?-al-lu- 
Un 
[ ] wm-ta-51 a-Sar 1-wa- 
al-du 

. timé 0 4 7 mu-Si- a-tim 
. “En-ki-dt te-bi- 1-ma 
. S$a-[am-ka-ta] ir- bi 


. ba-[ri-im-tu pa-al-Sa 1-pu-Sa-am- 


ma 


. 17-7a-[kar-am] a-na "“En-ki-dt? 
. a-na-tal-ka *En-ki-di ki-ma ili 


ta-ba-ds§-§1 


. am-mi-nim 1t-tt na-ma-d§-te-e8 
. ta-at-ta-|na-al-|la -ak si-ra-am 
. al-kam 


. a-na libbt Uruk-(k1) ri-bi-tim 


lu-ur-di- ka 


. a-na biti [el-|lim mu-Sa-bi Sa 


A-nim 


. 4En-ki-dh ti-bi lu-ru-ka 


mu-sa-bi Sa 
A-nim 


E-[an-nla 


. a-Sar [*Gilgami§] it-[......... | 


ne-p1-S1-lim(?) 
]-di | -| ma 


] ra-ma-an- ka 


i 


No 


[fw ARS Fk oy 


213 


that he may join with thee in 
endeavor.” 


. (Thus) Gilgamish solves (his) 


dream. 
. Enkidu sitting before the hiero- 
dule 
[ ] forgot where he was 
born. 


. Six days and seven nights 
. came forth Enkidu 
. and cohabited with the courte- 


san. 


. The hierodule opened her mouth 


. speaking unto Enkidu. 
. “I behold thee Enkidu; like a 


god thou art. 


. Why with the animals 

. wanderest thou on the plainr 

. Come! I will lead thee 

. into the midst of Erech of the 


wide places, . 


. even unto the holy house, dwell- 


ing place of Anu. 


. Oh Enkidu, arise, I will conduct 


thee 


. unto Eanna dwelling place of 


Anu, 


. where Gilgamish [oppresses] the 


souls of men(?) 


ATC Asc Leet oa 


part of the root. 


1 Restored from Tab. I Col. IV 21. 


2 Cf. DHoRME Choix de Textes Religieux 198, 33. me 
3 namaxti a late form which has followed the analogy of rest# in assuming the feminine ? as 


ending. 


The long @ is due to analogy with namas‘# a Sumerian loan-word with nisbe 


214 
oh 
ay. 
24. 


25. 
20. 
pL 
28. 
20. 
30. 
ote 
30% 
33 


34. 


35. 
30. 


‘© 90 


preterite zpizk and the other ibtuk. 


“SIT oaw BW NN = 


UNIVERSITY MUSEUM-——-BABYLONIAN SECTION 


al-ka ti-ba i-[na] ga-ag-ga-ri 


ma-a-a?! -ak ri-1-1mM 

ix-me a-wa-a7-7a im-ta-gdr ga-ba- 
Sa 

mi-il-kum Sa sinniStt 

im-ta-[ku]-ut a-na libbi-Su 

i$-hu-ut li-ib-Sa-am 

15-ti-nam (11]-la-ab-bi-15-su 


li-ib- [Sa-am| Sa-n1-a-am 
$i-i it-ta-al-ba- as 
sa-ab-ta-at ga-az- a 


ki-ma ? 1-ri-id-di-su 


a-na gu-up-r1 Sa ri-1-1m 
a-S{ar | tar-ba-si-1m 
i-na | |-bu-ru ri-1a-u? 


wwe Sse oA de cee hive ee Se Le 0) CRORE © Ue te ees 


22. 


23. 


24. 


Come thou, arise from the 
ground 

unto the place yonder (?) of the 
shepherd.” 

He heard her speak and accepted 
her words with favor. 


. The advice of the woman 
. fell upon his heart. 


She tore off one garment 
and clothed him with it. 
With a second garment 


. she clothed herself. 

. She clasped his hand, 

. guiding Hint Kes: eis ee eee 
. unto the mighty presence of the 


shepherd, 


unto "the placewof “the: 2 


of the sheepfolds. 


Bou Lorie A to shepherd 


o Le 6 limiie “6 Me je: ve). REO EO Oe Oe ete Ce AP Oe @ eae ee 


(About two lines broken away.) 


Go, 


51-17-ba Sa na-ma-ds-te-e 
1-le-en- n1- ik 


. a-ka-lam_ 1s-ku-nu = ma-hbar-su 


ip-te-1k-ma i-na -at-tal 


u 1p-pa-al-la- as 
u-ul 1-d1 1 En-ki- di 
aklam a-na a-ka-lim 

Sitkaram a-na Sa-te-e-1m 
la-a lum-mu- ud 


IT] 


OES 2 Es Wen =e tng ka 


Milk of the cattle 

he drank. 

Food they placed before him. 
He broke bread? 

gazing and looking. 

But Enkidu understood not. 
Bread to eat, 

beer to drink, 

he had not been taught. 


1 Room for a small sign only, perhaps 4; majak? 
page 1 and index. 


2 Infinitive “to shepherd’’; see also PoEBEL, PBS. V 106 I, ri-ta-t, ri-te-ga-t. 


$ The text has clearly AD-RI. 


For maka, there, see BEHRENS, LSS. II 


* pataku has apparently the same sense originally as bataku, although the one forms its 


Cf. also mabdsu break, hammer and construct. 


—————oo —— -_ 


Cor. 


Sole PHEN 


. ba-ri-im-tum pi-Sa_ 1-pu-Sa-am- 
ma 

11. iz-ga-kar-am a-na ““En-ki-dit 
12. a-ku-ul — ak-lam “En-ki-dit 
13. 7i-ma-at ba-la-ti-im 
14. bi-S1-ti S$i-im-ti ma-ti 
15. 1-ku-ul a-ak-lam ilu P'y-ki-di 
16. a-d1 $1-b1-e-Su 
17. Sikaram 15-t1-a-am 
Behr as-sa-am-mi-im' 
19. it-tap-Sar kab-ta-tum 1-na-an-gu 
20. 1-li-1s libba- Su- ma 
21. pa-nu-su (2t-|ta(?)-bir -ru? 
Oa ba p- Pith [7s ae ones t- |-2 
23. Su-bu-ra-am_ pa-ga-ar-su 
24. $a-am-nam 1p-ta-Sa-ds-ma 
25. a-we-li-15 1-mé 
26. il-ba- as li-ib-Sa-am 
27. ki-ma mu-ti 1-ba-d5-51 
28. il-ki ka-ak-ka-Su 
29. la-bi u% gi-ir- r1 
30. 15-sa-ak-pu Sab-[51]-e5 mu-Si-a-tt 
31. ut- tap -pi-15 Sib-ba-r1' 
32. la-bi uk-tla_ |-Si-id 
33. it-ti immer na-ki-[e?| ra-bu-tum 
34. '“En-ki-dfi ma-as-sa-ar-Su-nu 
35. a-we-lum Wwa-ru-um 
36. 15-[te]-en id-lum 
Spe TA ea eae ul-za-ak-k1-ir 


re See sate) Sly ee epee ee eee Oe 6 en S 0) O45 O' ee 


LANGDON—THE EPIC OF GILGAMISH 


10. 


yes 
2: 
Ie 
14. 


15. 
16. 


yf 


18. 
10. 


20. 
2h 
pik 
22: 
24. 
oy 
20. 
Py 
28. 
20. 
30. 
als 


74) Ne. 
The hierodule opened her mouth 


and said unto Enkidu:— 

“Eat bread, oh Enkidu! 

It is the conformity of life, 

of the conditions and the fate of 
the land.” 

Enkidu ate bread, 

until he was satiated. 

Beer he drank 

seven times(?). 

His thoughts became unbounded 
and he shouted loudly. 

His heart became joyful, 

and his face glowed. 

Hevstrokede@acen. 3550 otk 

the hair of the heads His body 

with oil he anointed. 

He became like a man. 

He attired himself with clothes 

even as does a husband. 

He seized his weapon, 

which the panther and lion 

fells in the night time cruelly. 

He captured the wild mountain 
goats. 


. The panther he conquered. 
_ Among the great sheep for sacrt- 


fice 


_ Enkidu was their guard. 
.-A man, a leader, 


A hero. 


by BS Cte IRE a ea ee aan ae 8 Dd Pie ab 


(About five lines broken away.) 


1Or azzammim? The word is probably an adverb; hardly a word for cup, mug (er) 


27f is uncertain and fa more likely than w5. 
17, 15, 2; littatabrar, EBELING, KTA. 69, 4. . 
Here Suburu is taken as a loan-word from sugur=kimmatu, 


3 The passage is obscure. 


One expects ittabriru. 


Cf. muttabrirru, 


hair of the head. The infinitive II! of sabaru is philologically possible. 
4 For ¥apparu. Text and interpretation uncertain. uitappis II? from tapasu, Hebrew tapas, 
seize. 


216 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 


REVERSE | 
1. 1-1p-pu-us ul-sa-am 1. And he made glad. 
2. 15-Si-ma 1-n1-1-SU 2. He lifted up his eves, 
3. 1-ta-mar a-we-lam 3. and beheld the man, 
4. 17'-7a-kar-am a-na_ harimti 4. and said unto the hierodule:— 
5. Sa-am-ka-at uk-ki-S1? a-we-lam 5. “Oh harlot, take away the man. 
6. a-na mi-nim il-li-kam 6. Wherefore did he come to me? 
7. ¢i-ki-ir-su lu-us-Su5 7. | would forget the memory of 
him.” 
8. ha-ri-im-tum 15-ta-si a-we-lam 8. The hierodule called unto the 
man 
9. 1-ba-us-Su-um-ma 1-ta-mar-Su g. and came unto him beholding 
| him. 
10. e-di-1l! e-eS-ta-hi-|ta-am| 10. She sorrowed and was aston- 
ished 
ll. mi-nu a-la-ku-7u na-ab-> 11. how his ways were............ 
-|ma 
12. e pi-Su 1-pu-sa-am-|ma] 12. Behold she opened her mouth 
13. 17-7a-kar-am a-na ““En-[ki-dil] 13. saying unto Enkidu:— 
14. bi-ti-1¥ e-mu-tim [| | 14. “At home with a family [to 
dwell ? ?] 
15. Si-ma-a-at N1-S1-1- ma 15. 1s the fate of mankind. 
16. tu-sa’-ar pa-a-ta-tim’ 16. Thou shouldest design bound- 
aries(?’?) 
17. a-na ali dup-Sak-k1-1 e si-en 17. foracity. The trencher-basket 
put (upon thy head). 
18. UG-AD-AD-LIL e-mi_ sa-a-a- 13) ee ees an abode of com- 
ba-tim fort. 
1 Text ta! 


* On ekésu, drive away, see ZIMMERN, Shurpu, p. 56. Cf. uk-ki$, MyHRMAN, PBS. I eR iy 
ukkist, Kinc, Cr. App. V 55; etc., etc. 

. ® The Hebrew cognate of maSi, to forget, is na$a, Arabic nasija, and occurs here in Baby- 
lonian for the first time. See also BROCKELMAN, Vergleichende Grammatik 160 a. 

* Probably phonetic variant of edir. The preterite of edéru, to be in misery, has not been 
found. If this interpretation be correct the preterite edir is established. For the change r > ] 
note also attalah < attarab, HarPeEr, Letters 88, 10; bilku < birku, RA. 9, 77 II 13; uttakkalu < 
uttakkaru, EBELING, KTA. 49 IV Io. 

® Also na-’-[ -]ma is possible. 

6 The text cannot be correct since it has no intelligible sign. My reading is uncertain. 

7 Text uncertain. kal-lu-tim is possible. 


2. u Sa-am-ka-al| 
_ t- ru- ub-ma a-nat libbit Uruk- 


nw 


. pi-ti pu-uk epsi! 


. pi-ti 
. a-na 
. AS-Sa-at $1-ma-tim 1-ra-ab-hi 


. Su-u 


STEPHEN” LANGDON——THE EPIC-~OF GILGAMISH 


a-na ¥arri Unuk-(ki) ri-bi-tim. 


a-na ha-a- 
a-r1 


_ a-na "Gilgamis Sarri $a Unuk- 


(ki) ri-bi-tim 
pu-uk epsii 


ha-a-a-ri 


pa-na-nu-um-ma 


mu-uk wa-ar-ka-nu 


. t-na mi-il-ki Sa ili ga-bi-ma 


10. 
20. 
ain 
22) 
233 
PP 
25: 


olay 
2% 


217 


For the king of Erech of the 
wide places 

open, addressing thy speech as 
unto a husband. 

Unto Gilgamish king of Erech 
of the wide places 

open, addressing thy speech 

as unto a husband. 

He cohabits with 
decreed for him, 

even he formerly. 

But henceforth 

in the counsel which god has 
spoken, 


the wife 


. In the work of his presence 
. shall be his fate.” 

. At the mention of the hero 
. his face became pale. 


REVERSE II 


ee oe ae Ce ait al teat rao hall 6) ofa) le erie) lel e le 10/6 ca! ie e f6) © Nereis ye: (0S cee Gi ye aye ONE 05S Ee MR Oe ene © 


(About five lines broken away.) 


. t-na bi-ti-tk = a-pu-un-na-ti-Su* 
. St- ma- ar- zum 
. a-na Zi-1k-r1 id-li-1m 

. 1-ri-ku pa-nu-Su 
. 1-tl-la-ak- .......... 


lar-k1-Su 


(ki) ri-bi-tim 


. ip-bur um-ma-nu-um 1-na $1- 


ON As 
T1-SU 


. 1f-71-7a-am-ma 1-na 7u-ki-1m 
. $a Unuk-(k1) 


. pa-ab-ra-a-ma 


r1-bi-tim 
ni-su 


fe 
2. 


3. 


4. 


1 KAK-S1. 


ENC. hak Mea ee ears 
and the harlot..... after him. 


He entered into the midst of 
Erech of the wide places. 

The artisans gathered about 
him. 

And as he stood in the street 

of Erech of the wide places, 

the people assembled 


2 Literally nostrils. pitik apunnati-Su, work done in his presence(?). The meaning of the 
ideom is uncertain. 


3 Text ZU! 
4 Text has erroneous form. 


218 


. 1-ta-mé-a 


. a- 


. 1d-lu-tum u-te-el-li- 
. $a-ki-in 
. a-na idl Sa 1-tu-ru 


. a-na ""Gilgamis ki-ma 
. Sa-k1-15-Sum? 
. a-na *"I§-ha-ra ma-ia-lum 


UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 


i-na $i-ri-su pi(?)- 
it-tam' 


. a-na mi-[ni}? "“Gilgami$ ma-S1-il 


. la-nam Sa-  pi- il 
. e-$1| pul-uk-ku-ul 
1 ? -ak-ta 
-|di 1-51? 
. S1-17-ba Sa [na-ma-|a5-|te]-e 
. i-le- en- ni- tk 


. ka-id-na i-na [libbi] Uruk-(k1) 


kak-k1-a-tum? 
lu 
nut 
71-Mu-SU 


1p-Sa- 


1-li-1m 
me-1b-rum 


. Na- [di|-1- ma 

. "““Gilgamish id-| |na-an(?)... 

. I-na mu-31 in-nt1-[ -|id 

. 1-na-ak®-Sa-am- ma 

. it-ta-| li-na ziki 

. tp-ta-ra-[ku |-ak-tam 

tye ““Gilgamish 

Be Sarr op aie Panes da-na(?) ni-15-Su 

CoL. 

5 r= (7) Pare ae Se 
liamitl eek bad an 
1-na $1-r1 


? Se TOT Oe BOF 6 ee UE ee wile 66 ee 


‘Text PA-it-tam clearly! 
2 Omitted by the scribe. 
* Sic! The plural of kakku, kakkitu(?). 


8. 


disputing round about him:— 


“How is he become like Gilga- 
mish suddenly? 


. In form he is shorter. 
Re Thane he is made powerful. 


. Milk of the cattle 
. he drank. 
. Continually in the midst of 


Erech weapons 


. the heroes purified. 


A project was instituted. 
Unto the hero whose counte- 
nance was turned away, 


. unto Gilgamish like a god 

. he became for him a fellow. 

. For [Shara a couch 

. was laid. 

Gilgamishisty lee eee a ee 
.2in-the might) heveeee see 
. embracing her in sleep. 

f LDV 2e ee ae in the street 


. of Gilgamish. 
se Sea ae mightily(?) 


Aroadt() tee eee 


Gilgamish 
in the’ plain: 27,0, 2 oe eee 


* Cf. e-pi-Sa-an-Su-nu libaru, “May they see their doings,” Maklu VII 17. 


5 For Sakin-Sum. 


*On the verb naéku see the Babylonian Book of Proverbs § 27. 


SNOW 


present tense which occurs here has zlut also. 


. it-bi-ma 
. a-na 
. 1t-tam-ha-ru 1-na ri-bi-tu ma-ti 


STEPHEN 


. 1-ba-an-ni-ib [p1-ir-ta-su?| 


pa-ni-" Su 


. “En-ki-dt ba-ba-am ip-ta-ri-ik 

. i-na $1-p1-Su 

. "™Gilgami§ e-ri-ba-am u-ul id-di- 
in 

. 1$-sa-ab-tu-ma ki-ma li-:-im 

_ I lu- du 

. {1-1p-pa-am 1-bu- tu 

. 1-ga-rum ir-tu-tin? 

. ™Gilgamis 1" En-ki- di 

. 1$-sa-ab-tu-n- ma 

. ki-ma I1-1-1m 1-lu-du 

. {1-1p-pa-am *1-bu- tu 

. 1-ga-rum ir-tu-tit 

. 1k-m1-1s-ma ™Cilgamis 

. 1-Na ga-ga-ag-ga-r1 $1-1p-Su 

. ip-Si-1? us-sa-Su- ma 

. 1-N1-'1 1-1a-a7-7Uu 

. 15-tu 1-ra-7U 1-n1-bu4 

. En-ki-di a-na Sa-Si-im 

. iz-ga-kar-am a-na ““Gilgamis 

. ki-ma 15-te-en-ma um-ma-ka 

. U- li- id- ka 

. ri-1m-tum Sa gu- pu-ri 

. "tN in- sun- na 

. ul-lu e-li mu-ti ri-eS-su 


LANGDON—THE EPIC OF GILGAMISH 


219 


. his hair growing thickly like the 


corn. 


Peller CamiealOLilleia® tute oe ste 
. Into his presence. 
. [They met in the wide park of 


the land. 


. Enkidu held fast the door 
. with his foot, 
. and permitted not Gilgamish to 


enter. 


. They grappled with each other 
. goring like an ox. 

. The threshold they destroyed. 
. The wall they demolished. 

. Gilgamish and Enkidu 

. grappled with each other, 

. goring like an ox. 

. The threshold they destroyed. 

. The wall they demolished. 

. Gilgamish bowed 

. to the ground at his feet 

. and his javelin reposed. 

. He turned back his breast. 

. After he had turned back his 


breast, 


. Enkidu unto that one 

. spoke, even unto Gilgamish. 

. “Even as one® did thy mother 
. bear thee, 

. she the wild cow of the cattle 


stalls, 


. Ninsunna, 
-_ whose head she exalted more 


than a husband. 


1 The verb /Ja’dtu, to pierce, devour, forms its preterite ilut; see VA BL Vi21O4 tee 


2 Note BUL(tu-ku) =ratatu (falsely entered in MetssNeR, SAI. 7993), and zrattutu in ZIM- 
MERN, Shurpu, Index. 


3 For ipsab. 


4 Sic! bu reduced to the breathing ’u; read 1-n1-’u. 


5]. e., an ordinary man. 


220 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 


32. Sar-ru-tam Sa ni-5t 32. Royal power over the people 
33. 1-Si-1m-kum M4 Fy-lil 33. Enlil has decreed for thee.” 
————— eee a»—>$“WT 
duppu 2 kam-ma Second tablet. 
Su-tu-ur e-li......... Writtensupone. ane 
4 Su-S1 240 (lines). 


a 


1 The tablet is reckoned at forty lines in each column. 


INDE LOO DAR TS 2° AN DE3 


A. 

Adab, city, 123, 23. 

addi, wailing, 117, 31; 137,22; 161, 
ee 

abu, brother, 212, 36. 

Aja, goddess, 1098, 9. 

al (gix), al-gar (giS), a musical in- 
strument, 187-191. See also 
No. 20 Rev. 7-12. al-bi, com- 
pound verb, 189 n. 6. In Ni. 
8164 (unpublished) al-gar, al- 
gar-balag in list with (g75)-a- 
ld, also an instrument of music. 

alad, protecting genius, 154, 18. 

amelis, like a man, 215, 25. 

Amurrfi, god. Psalm to, 118; 119. 

angubba, sentinel, 180, 14. 

Ane eOd mellow Io:20fl. 131, 8; 
LO5# 0 749 100,220. 

Anunnaki, gods, 114, 17:21; 116, 
Po erlOMly 7 leo elas 136i oT: 
tse O55 

Anunit, goddess, 158, 12; 166, 2. 

apunnatu, nostrils. pitik apunnati, 
217,20. 

assammim (?), 215, 18. 

Ptalilein 220 eel 34.07. 

aramu, cover, 198 n. 2. 

araku, be pale, Prt. zriku, 217, 31. 

arhis, quickly, 199, 28. 

Aruru, goddess. Lamentation to, 
Cissmeoisten Ola bniily F153 2; 
171, 29; 190, 25. Other refer- 
ences, 116, 13:15:18; 117, 34f. 

Asarludug, god, 163, 8; 170, 4. 


(221) 


AS-im-ur, title of Moon-god, 136, 12. 
as omitted, No. 109, 2. 

as-me, disk, 133, 38. 

AS8irgi, god, No. 22, Rev. 7. 

Azagsud, goddess, 196, 30:33; 197, 
38. 


B. 


Babbar, god, 116, 24; 139, 43; 147, 
a a VAGey Phan 

Babylon, city, 158, 14; 160, 6; 163, 
8; 166, 4:11. 

badara, see 200 N. 2. 
weapon, 133, 30. 

balag, lyre, 138, 52. 

bansur, table; title of a goddess, 
175, 3- 

Bau, goddess, 179, 2; 181, 30; 182, 
52 Alay 110. 

bisitu, condition, 215, 14. 

bi’u, cavern, 196, 29. 

bulukku, crab, 174, 5. 

burgul, engraver, 185, 8. 


badarani, a 


(G 


Cutha, city. Center of the cult of 
Nergal, 167, 15. 


D: 


Dada, god, 192, 6. 

Dagan, West Semitic god, 149, 21. 
Damu, title of Tammuz, 176, 7. 
Deification of kings, 106-9; 127n. 1. 
dépu, shatter, 195 n. 16. 


222 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM-——BABYLONIAN SECTION 


DI-BAL, ideogram in incantations, 
194, 10. 

Dilbat, city, 167, 16. 

Dilmun, land and city, 112, 2:4. 

dimgul, dimdul, master workman, 
150. 

dingir-gal-gal-e-ne, the great gods, 
the Anunnakli, 114, 21:125; 149, 
10. 

dumu-anna, daughter of heaven, 
title) of ‘Bau, 170; 54) 418150203 
184, 28. 

dumu-sag, title of TaSmet, 163, 12. 

Dungi, king of Ur, liturgy to, 136. 

dupsakku, trencher basket, 216, 17. 

Duranki, epithet for Nippur, 122, 
tahoey Coli baa OE 


E. 

E-anna, temple in Erech, 123, 30; 
125 FAb, 12s po Bl Os 

E-babbar, temple of the sun god, 
162° 150, [1; )166,41. 9 herhaps 
read E-barra. 

E-daranna, temple of Enki in Baby- 
lon, 169, 253'-170, 29. -see BL. 
133. 

edélu=edéru, be gloomy, 216, 10. 

é-dub, house of learning, 117, 39. 

é-gal, palace, No. 19, Rev. 3; 115, 
LVeHI31; Perla ete soe: 

é-gig=kissu, 191, 11. 

E-ibe-Anu, temple in Dilbat, 167, 
16. 

E-kinammaka, temple, 115, 10. 

E-kiSibba, temple in Kish, 166, 13. 

E-kur, temple, 180, 12; 183, 23; 
100,77; 146,95. 147, 177-lbolee 
160; 451002177700, 19 3, 

Emah, ESmah, ritual house of the 
water cult of Marduk, 163, 7; 
115, 4. 


E-malga-sud, temple, 181, 24; 141, 3. 
E-meteg, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. 
E-mete-ursag, temple in Kish, 166, 
13: 
E-namtila, temple, 160, 4; 160, 24. 
en-a-nu-un, en-d-nun, title of In- 
nini and Gula, 173, 2. 
Enbilulu, title of Marduk, 170, 5. 
E-ninni, temple, 181, 22. 
EN-HUL-tim-mu, 194 N. 2. 
EN-KA-KA, bél dababi, 194, 2. 
Enki, god. Hymn to, No. 20, 113, 
74 TAs LOU LOg2 pale ee 
16. 


Enkidu, satyr, 213, 3:7:10i0b; 214; 


O2O21S Uli 2215.4 Aemea sd Cane 
QIOAOiI5 25-419 ip hana. 
173,-13. 

Enlil, god. Liturgy to, 155-184. 
Regarded as god of light, 157, 
1 ff. 158, 3f. . Other references, 
114),1O fbb fos 110, Loser 
GF 1136453 lOO meee oe 
146431714 (LOOseDE 10; aoa 
33- 

Enul, god, 149, 106. 

Enzu,-pod, A30g418 146.3, 

epsanu, deeds, 218, 18. 

epi, be dark, I? 2t@p%, 196, 20. 

Frech# city; 1255" 140) 13) = erecn 
ribitin, 212, 28; 213, 153" 21% 
NG? P21 

eri-azag, holy city, Isin, 141, 8. 

eriday title, 175521% 

Eridu;‘city, 113}207) 130,13. 

Erishkigal, goddess, 131, 10; 134, 
is 

ersagtugmal, penitential psalm, 118. 

E-sagila, temple, 152. 

E-sakudkalamma, temple, 166, 10; 
169 n. 4. 

eSendili, a title, 177, 10. 


eskar, fixed tax, 188, 9. 

es-lal, a sacred place, 161, 14. 

E-temen-anki, temple, 169, 25. 

E-turkalamma, temple, 166, 14. 

Euphrates, river, 183, 12; 183, 20. 

E-zida, temple, 166, 12. 

Ezina, grain goddess, 174, 9. 

Ezira, reading of the divine name 
RAs a aa Ll. 


Es 


Fara, modern Arabic name for the 
site of Isin (?), 177 Nn. 4. 


G: 


GAB, baked bread, 200, 33. 

GAB-LAL, a cake made with honey, 
105) 225. 200,45: 

GAR-Sunu = ep1san-Sunu, 198, 13. 

gasan-gula, title of Nina, 119 n. 2. 

gepar, dark chamber, 123, 30f., 148, 
IQ TO io. 

Gibil, god, 197, 3. 

gi-gal (gis), interlude, 151 n.1; 182, 

Layeek 

gigunna, 114, 23. 

Gilgamish, king of Erech, 207; 211, 
eloeel Peel 7 82132 lz, 
21; 218, 9:20:24:29 and below 
23 92101810:15:20:26,. Deriva- 
tion of name, 208. Seealso No. 
De ReVeellils .it07;.42>. 124 f. 

eilsaacsacred Telic, 132, 22. 

Sila Fi eo OC wl 4) 75) 1777, 2k 

girru, lion, 215, 20. 

Girsu, city, 181, 23. 

Guanna, deity, No. 16 Rev. II 18. 

- Guedin, province, 120, 28. 

Gunura, goddess of healing, 176, 0. 

gupru, mighty, 214, 33. 

Gutium, land, 120ff. 


INDEX 223 


nt 


Hallab, city, 125; 141. 

banabu, grow thickly, Prs. zbannib, 
210, A: 

bapapu, embrace, 212, 34. 

bassinu, axe, 212, 20:31. 

barbatu, waste place, 200, 39. 

Harsagkalamma, temple, 166, 14. 

Hubur, mythical river, 197, 42. 

bilu, a bird, 199, 31. 

biku, a bird, 199, 31. 


r 


Ibi-Sin, king of Ur, 151 n. 2. © 

1bs1, liturgical expression, 120, 5. 

Igigi, heaven spirits, 116 n. 6. 

IGI-NAGIN-N4A, 194, 11. 

imib, weapon, 131, 8. mz-zb, ibid. 
Tis: 

imin, seven. Seven lands, 130, 35; 
seventh day, 134, 18. 

Immer, god, 177, 8. 

Indag, god, consort of Gula, 173, 3. 

Innini, goddess, 123. Liturgy to, 
L643; eh2aue 20 age Olson, Gh 
Shamash, 148, 4. Other refer- 
ences, 154, 21. 

issur Samé, unclean birds, 195 n. 
10. 

IShara, goddess, 218, 22. 

(Sine cliyal 22a sel. 

Ishme-Dagan, 178ff. Son of Enlil, 
Pole lol a3 2a LILUTeY sky 
143. 

K. 

KA-DIB-BI, sibit pi, 194, 10. 

KAK-DIG, a weapon, 130, 4. 

kakkitu (?), weapon. PI. kakkiatum, 
mater 1ay 

KAK-SIR, a weapon (?), 130, 4. 


224 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 


kalama, the Land, Sumer, 138, 25; 
[Al 5s UAT 225 150, c4 ald, 
17; 177; 9. 

kanami =kalama, land, 120, 8. 

KA+WNE, a new ideograph, 153 n. 
10. 

kasi, bind. |? liktisu, 198, 20. 

Kenurra, chapel of Ninlil, 114, 22; 
(23,120; 100) 4 00; O58 LOO, 
1 OG,224" 

Kes tcitvial iSyebla ies: 

keSda-azag, a relic, 132, 27. 

ki, kin for gim=kima, 120, ©. 

KI-AG-MAL, ramu, 194 n. 4. 

Kidurkazal, daughter of Nuinkasi, 
145. 

ki-malla, to bend. tig-zu ki-ma-al-la 
nu-gi-gi, “Thy neck wearies 
not in bending,’ 168, 2. [Cor- 
rect the translation.]| 

ki-in-gin, ki-en-gin, Sumer, 115, 24; 
134, 107-200; 1172 

KI-SAR, kakkara tasabbit, 199, 29. 

Kish, city, 129, 30; 166,12. é kiS- 
(k2)-5%, so read, No. 5 Obv. 8. 

Kullab, city, 149, 14; 173, I. 

kunin, gunin, reed basket, 150 n. 3. 

kurgal, “‘great mountain,” title of 
Sumer. 114; 11-2 Of Bahl ita, 
Lepe d eee os 

KURUN-NA, (amelu), 196, 34. 

KUS-KU-MAL, 194, 11. 


iz 
la’atu, gore. Prt. iladu, 219, 12:17. 
labu, panther, 215, 29:32. 
Lagash, city, 181, 23:26. 
Labama, goddess of Chaos, 113, 5. 
Laws, promulgated by Dungi, 138, 
31. 
Libit-Ishtar, king, 141. 
libSu, garment, 214, 27:29; 215, 26. 


Ligirsig, a god, 113, 3. 

lilazag, epithet of a deified king, 
I4I, I. 

Lillaenna, goddess, 192, 5. 

liméenu, be evil. II! ulammenu-innz, 
197; 7- 

Lugal-dig, god, 197, 5. 

lw atu, pollution, 195, 109. 


M. 


Magan, land, 112, 2:5. 
matalu, couch, 218, 22. 
malasu, shear, 195, 20. 


- Mamit, 200, 41. 


mandatu, form, 195, 21. 

mal-gar (gi), a musical instrument, 
IOI, 10. 

mangu, disease, 195, 10. 

Marduk, god, 151. 

markasu, leader, 150. 

mash, seize, 195 Nn. 5. 

mas, to forget, 216, 7. 

Me-azag, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. 

mebru, fellow, 218, 21. 

Mehus, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. 

Melubha, land, 112, 6. 

Meslam, temple in Cutha, 167, 15. 

mesh, a tree, 150, 23. 

muk, now, but now, 217, 26. 

Mulgenna, Saturn, 137, 18. 

Mulmul, gods, 142. 


N. 


nadu, water bottle, 198, 17. 

naditu, temple devotee, 188, 7. 

nagh, shout. Prs. imangu, 215, 109. 

naku, embrace, 218, 26. 

namastui, cattle, etc., 213, 12:17; 214, 
1ew210. 804 

Namtar, god, 197, 3; 132, 24. 

Nana, goddess, 192, 7. 


INDEX 225 


Wannane cody 15; 125° 110, 2357133, 
RO is seh al 50, 2. 

Nergal, god, 131, 6. 

Nidaba, goddess, 1091. 

ni-gal, cattle, 121, 6. 

nimir =ligir, 174, 4. 

ninda, linear measure, 133, 41. 

Ningal, goddess, No. 19, 5; 148, 3; 
15 io: 

NingiSszida, god, 133, 34. 

Nin-isinna, goddess, 122, 16; 191, 
15. 

Ninkasi, goddess, 144. 

Ninki, goddess, 149, 16. 

Ninlil, goddess, 116, 20; 123, 20; 
(27 to 40,14. 

Ninmada, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. 

Ninmah, goddess, 116, 22. 

Ninmenna, epithet of Damgalnun- 
na, 190, 27. 

Ninsun, goddess, 219, 30; 208 n. 6; 
1203) 13.buL6 (7). 

Nintudri, goddess, 123, 26. Nin- 
tudras, 137; 10, ‘Creatress of 
man and woman, 102. 

Ninul, goddess, 149, 16. 

NinuraSsa, god, 191, 12; 146, 12. 

Ninzuanna, goddess, 122, 13. 

INIDPUIciLy.s Li2; 9; 122, 10:19; 
(Oma OG 2213. 100, 11>. 140, 
Lope 5 co, eos, 10. 

NI-SUR (amelu), 196, 35. 

Nudimmud, god, 199, 25. 
10. 

nugiganna, epithet of Innini, 185, 2. 

niin apst, unclean fish, 195 n. II. 

Nunamnirri, god, 190, 28; 146, 13; 
TOMO fa.li: 

nun-ur, epithet of Amurrt, 1109, 3. 

Nusiligga, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. 

Nusku, god, 146, 7; 163, 13. 


No. 20, 


Ee 


Pabilsag, god. Son and consort of 
Gula, 173 n.3; 176,5. A form 
of Tammuz. 

pananumma, formerly, 217, 25. 

Panunnaki, goddess, consort of Mar- 
duk, 163, 9. 

pataku, fashion, break, 214, 4. 

paturru, a weapon, 200, 37. 

Pleiades, 142. 


R. 
ratatu, demolish, 219, 109. 
Rimat ‘**Ninsun, 208 n. 6; 210, 29. 
Ruskisag, goddess, 132, 28. 
RU-TIG, an epithet, 141, 2. 


y. 
sa-bar; sa-sud-da, \iturgical note, 
52 43 Fe 
Sabsi5, cruelly, 215, 30. 

Sagilla, temple, 158, 15. E-sagila, 
[OG3.52 5005) 100.- EI. 
Sabatu, be astounded, 216, 10. 

Arabic sabita. 
saiabatu, desire, comfort, 216, 18. 
Sakapu, fell. 1? Ssakpu, 215, 30. 
salitu, enmity, 190, 27. 
SamaS, god, 197, 4:8; 198, 10:13; 
_ 199, 25:31. 
Samas-Sum-ukin, king. [ncanta- 
tions for, 193-200; 199, 23. 
Samsuiluna, king, 151. 
SAR-DI-DA, a relic, 133, 37: 
Serpent adversary, 183, 21; 148, 12. 
Seven, sacred number. Seven gods, 
196, 30. 
Ship, in legend, 113, 2. 
Silsirsir, a chapel. 
Sin, god. Hymn to, No. 19. 
sippu, threshold, 219, 13:18. 


226 UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN SECTION 


Sippar, city, 158, 10; 160, 5; 166, 
10. , 

sirgidda, long song, 140, 54. 

Siris, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. 

SiriskaS, daughter of Ninkasi, 144. 

SiriSkaSgig, daughter of Ninkasi, 
144. 

sirsagga, first melody, 117, 28; 139, 
48. 

S5U-AN =kat ili, 194, 12. 
SU-4INNINI, 194, 12. 

SU-NAM-ERIM-MA, 194, 13. 

SULNAM-LU-GAL-LU 104, 13: 

subura, earth, 175, 3. 

su-ud, su-ud-dm, epithet of goddess 
of Suruppak, 177, 10 and note 4. 

Suburu, hair (?), 215, 23. 

sukkal-zid, title of Nebo, 163, 10. 

Sulpae, god, No. 16 II 22. 

Sumerslands 13, 215 Plas 11 as13o, 
es 

sumugan, title of Girra, 177, 12 and 
NOL; «179; 3; 


See also 


AR 

Tablet of fates, 132 n. 3. 

Tammuz, ancient ruler, 208. Lit- 
urgy to, 191. Other references, 
126; 208; 131, 20. 

tapasu, seize, capture, I|* uttapprs, 
215, 31. 

teméru, cook, 196, 35. 


Tigris, river, 183, 12. 
Tummal, land, 190, 9; 191, 10. 


LE 

ud, spirit, word, 150, 1:4; 158, 16; 
15091724: 

ul-al-iar, 191 n. ©. 

ulinnu, girdle cord, 195, 20. 

Ulmas, temple of Anunit, 158, 13; 
106, 3. 

Ure city; 134521 3704s Lamers 
tation for, 150. Other refer- 
ences, No. 19, 4:7:3:16:28:Rev. 
Battin | ats 

Ur-azag, king of Isin (?), 140 n. 2. 

Ur-Engur, king of Ur, 126 ff. 

urinu, spear (?), 173, 3. , 

ursaggal, epithet for NinuraSa, 165, 
11. For Enbilulu, 170, 5. 

usumgal, 117, 33. 


Li 

zabu, flow. li-zu-bu, 198, 16. Cf. 
gam=7a’ibu, mitirtu, words for 
canal, SAI. 691-3. 

zag-sal, liturgical note, 103f. No. 21 
end. 

za-am, 138, 34; 139, 38; 140, 50. 

zénu, be enraged, II! uzinu-innzt, 197, 
0. 

ZI-T AR-RU-DA = nikis napistt, 194 
n. 6. 


DES Ot Belo NTO TE: TABLETS 


NUMBER IN THIS MUSEUM 


VOLUME. NuMBER. DESCRIPTION. 
I 7771 Dark brown unbaked tablet. Three columns. 


Lower edge slightly broken. Knobs at left 

upper and left lower corners to facilitate the 

holding of the tablet. H. 7 inches; W. 63; 

T. 1-3. Second tablet of the Epic of Gil- 
gamish. 


(227) 


AUTOGRAPH 


PLATES 


y BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. xX PLATE. LXIII 


OBVERSE 
Cot. 1 


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35 


BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X PLATE LXIV 


OBVERSE 
CoL. 2 


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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL.. X 


OBVERSE 
Cot. 3 


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PLATE LXV 


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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X PLATE.LXVI 


REVERSE 
Cot. 1 


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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X 


| REVERSE 
BE RAS eo 
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PLATE LXVII 


BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X 


REVERSE 
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PLATE LXVIII 


BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X PLATE LXIX 


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TABLET OF THE GILGAMISH EPIC 
(OBVERSE) 


BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. X PLATE LXX 


- Seer 7 
te ‘ma gel (-_ 
; con Meat 


ae 
oP om ; 
shi tee 


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TABLET OF THE GILGAMISE EPIC 
(REVERSE) 


“ 
a He: 
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ee ; 


WIS a 


ae 


PJ3711 .P41 v.10 
Sumerian epic of paradise, the flood and 
inceton Theological Seminary—Speer 


A 


1 1012 00143 9829 


